Czas przyszły w przeszłości w języku angielskim

Czas przyszły w przeszłości w języku angielskim – zbiór konstrukcji gramatycznych w języku angielskim, służących do opisywania przyszłych wydarzeń z punktu widzenia w przeszłości.

Future in the Past jest czasem, który traktuje przyszłość, czyli zdarzenia, które jeszcze nie miały miejsca, z przeszłego punktu widzenia[1]. Wyraża te same relacje czasowe co formy przyszłe, tyle że z przeszłej perspektywy: In 2004 I arrived to the town, where I would spend fifteen yearsW roku 2004 przyjechałem do miasta, w którym miałem spędzić następne 15 lat. Wydarzenia opisywane w ten sposób nie odnoszą się w żaden sposób do teraźniejszości, mogły nastąpić bądź nie w chwili wypowiadania zdania.

Przyszłość w przeszłości może być wyrażana w następujący sposób:

  • konstrukcją was/were to[2]: Henry, who joined the army in 1788, was to become captain in 1808Henry, który wstąpił do wojska w roku 1788, został kapitanem w r. 1808. That was an event which would be rememberedTo było zdarzenie, które zostanie zapamiętane.
  • konstrukcją was going to[2]: Everyone was excited, because the new theatre was going to be openedWszyscy byli podnieceni, bo miano otworzyć nowy teatr.
  • Czasem Past Progressive[2]: She left earlier today, because she was taking the train to KirunaWyszła wcześniej, bo jechałą pociągiem do Kiruny.

Czas przyszły w przeszłości

Graficzne wyobrażenie Future in the Past
Graficzne wyobrażenie Future Perfect in the Past

Czas Future in the past we wszystkich formach używa się głównie w narracji. Formy tego czasu są pochodnymi czasów przyszłych i zachowują one swoje znaczenie, różnica polega na zastąpieniu czasownika modalnego will przez would[3].

AspektCzas przyszłyCzas przyszły w przeszłości
ProstyHe will watchHe would watch
PostępującyHe will be watchingHe would be watching
PrzeszłyHe will have watchedHe would have watched
Przeszły postępującyHe will have been watchingHe would have been watching
  • Future Simple: The journey will be dangerousPodróż będzie niebezpieczna. Ale: He said the journey would be dangerousPowiedział, że podróż będzie niebezpieczna.
  • Future Progressive: At three o'clock I shall be watching TVO trzeciej będę oglądał telewizję ale He mentioned that at three o'clock he would be watching TVWspomniał, że o trzeciej będzie oglądał telewizję.
  • Future Perfect: I`ll have seen the doctor by FridayDo piątku pójdę do lekarza. Ale He assured he would have met the doctor by Friday.
  • Future Perfect Continuous: By the end of this year I`ll have been learning English for 30 years ale She knew that By the end of this year I`d have been learning English for 30 yearsOna wiedziała, że gdy rok minie, będę uczył się angielskiego od 30 lat.

Formy gramatyczne

Future Simple in the Past (Czas przyszły prosty w przeszłości)

OsobaForma twierdzącaForma pytającaForma przeczącaSkrócona odpowiedź
twierdząca
Skrócona odpowiedź
przecząca
1 sgI would/should readwould/should I read?I would/should not readYes, I would/shouldNo, I would/should not
2 sg + plyou would readwould you read?you would not readYes, you wouldNo, you would not
3 sghe/she/it would readwould he/she/it read?he/she/it has not readYes, he/she/it wouldNo, he/she/it would not
1 plweI would/should readwould/should we read?I would/should not readYes, we would/shouldNo, we would/should not
3 plthey would readwould they read?they would not readYes, they wouldNo, they would not

Strona bierna czasu:

OsobaForma twierdzącaForma pytającaForma przeczącaSkrócona odpowiedź
twierdząca
Skrócona odpowiedź
przecząca
1 sgI would/should be seenwould/should I be seen?I would/should not be seenYes, I would/shouldNo, I would/should not
2 sg + plyou would be seenwould you be seen?you would not be seenYes, you wouldNo, you would not
3 sghe/she/it would be seenwould he/she/it be seen?he/she/it has not be seenYes, he/she/it wouldNo, he/she/it would not
1 plwe would/should be seenwould/should we be seen?I would/should not be seenYes, we would/shouldNo, we would/should not
3 plthey would be seenwould they be seen?they would not be seenYes, they wouldNo, they would not


Future Continuous in the Past (Czas przyszły postępujący w przeszłości)

OsobaForma twierdzącaForma pytającaForma przeczącaSkrócona odpowiedź
twierdząca
Skrócona odpowiedź
przecząca
1 sgI would/should be readingwould/should I be reading?I would/should not be readingYes, I would/shouldNo, I would/should not
2 sg + plYou would be readingwould you be reading?you would not be readingYes, you wouldNo, you would not
3 sghe/she/it would be readingwould he/she/it be reading?he/she/it would not be readingYes, he/she/it wouldNo, he/she/it would not
1 plwe would/should be readingwould/should we be reading?we would/should not be readingYes, we would/shouldNo, we would/should not
3 plthey would be readingwould they be reading?they would not be readingYes, they wouldNo, they would not

Odmiana w stronie biernej:

OsobaForma twierdzącaForma pytającaForma przeczącaSkrócona odpowiedź
twierdząca
Skrócona odpowiedź
przecząca
1 sgI would/should be being watchedwould/should I be being watched?I would/should not be being watchedYes, I would/shouldNo, I would/should not
2 sg + plYou would be being watchedwould you be being watched?you would not be being watchedYes, you wouldNo, you would not
3 sghe/she/it would be being watchedwould he/she/it be being watched?he/she/it would not be being watchedYes, he/she/it wouldNo, he/she/it would not
1 plwe would/should be being watchedwould/should we be being watched?we would/should not be being watchedYes, we would/shouldNo, we would/should not
3 plthey would be being watchedwould they be being watched?they would not be being watchedYes, they wouldNo, they would not

Future Perfect in the Past (Czas zaprzeszły w przyszłości)

OsobaForma twierdzącaForma pytającaForma przeczącaSkrócona odpowiedź
twierdząca
Skrócona odpowiedź
przecząca
1 sgI would/should have readwould/should I have read?I would/should not have readYes, I would/shouldNo, I would/should not
2 sg + plyou would have readwould you have read?you would not have readYes, you wouldNo, you would not
3 sghe/she/it has have readhas he/she/it have read?he/she/it has not have readYes, he/she/it hasNo, he/she/it has not
1 plweI would/should have readwould/should we have read?I would/should not have readYes, we would/shouldNo, we would/should not
3 plthey would have readwould they have read?they would not have readYes, they wouldNo, they would not

Odmiana w stronie biernej:

OsobaForma twierdzącaForma pytającaForma przeczącaSkrócona odpowiedź
twierdząca
Skrócona odpowiedź
przecząca
1 sgI would/should have been seenwould/should I have been seen?I would/should not have been seenYes, I would/shouldNo, I would/should not
2 sg + plyou would have been seenwould you have been seen?you would not have been seenYes, you wouldNo, you would not
3 sghe/she/it would have been seenwould he/she/it have been seen?he/she/it would not have been seenYes, he/she/it wouldNo, he/she/it has would
1 plweI would/should have been seenwould/should we have been seen?I would/should not have been seenYes, we would/shouldNo, we would/should not
3 plthey would have been seenwould they have been seen?they would not have been seenYes, they wouldNo, they would not

Future Perfect Progressive in the Past (czas przyszły postępujący w przeszłości)

OsobaForma twierdzącaForma pytającaForma przeczącaSkrócona odpowiedź
twierdząca
Skrócona odpowiedź
przecząca
1 sgI would/should have been readingwould/should I have been reading?I would/should not have been readingYes, I would/shouldNo, I would/should not
2 sg + plYou would have been readingwould you have been reading?you would not have been readingYes, you wouldNo, you would not
3 sghe/she/it has been readinghas he/she/it been reading?he/she/it has not been readingYes, he/she/it hasNo, he/she/it has not
1 plweI would/should have been readingwould/should we have been reading?I would/should not have been readingYes, we would/shouldNo, we would/should not
3 plthey would have been readingwould they have been reading?they would not have been readingYes, they wouldNo, they would not

Przypisy

  1. Michael Swan: Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015, s. 81. ISBN 978-0-19-442098-3.
  2. a b c Geoffrey Leech: An A – Z of English Grammar and Usage. Harlow: Longman, 2001, s. 380-381. ISBN 0-582-40574-2.
  3. Geoffrey Leech: An A – Z of English Grammar and Usage. Harlow: Longman, 2001, s. 603. ISBN 0-582-40574-2.

Media użyte na tej stronie

EN English Language Symbol ISO 639-1 IETF Language Tag Icon.svg
Autor: AhoiSpace, Licencja: CC0
EN icon, a simple symbol for the English language in two-letter global ISO 639-1 code, also used as the IETF language tag. Vector graphic, free use.
EGG Future perfect in past.svg
Autor: Robbiemuffin, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Grammatical Tense - the Future-perfect-in-the-past tense (Bulgarian)
EGG Future in Past.svg
Autor: Robbiemuffin, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Grammatical Tense - the Future-in-the-past tense