Długi Marsz (rakieta)
Start rakiety CZ 3B
Długi Marsz (chiń. upr. 长征系列运载火箭; chiń. trad. 長征系列運載火箭; pinyin Chángzhēng xìliè yùnzài huǒjiàn, Chang Zheng; ang. Long March Długi Marsz) – rodzina rakiet nośnych użytkowanych przez Chińską Republikę Ludową, zaprojektowanych pod auspicjami China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, głównie przez Chińską Akademię Techniki Rakiet Nośnych (ang. China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology). Ich nazwa nawiązuje do Długiego Marszu, wydarzenia historycznego w trakcie XX-wiecznej chińskiej wojny domowej między wojskami komunistycznymi a Kuomintangiem. Stosuje się skróty CZ (Chang Zheng) lub LM (od ang. Long March).
| Model | Lata użytkowania | Liczba startów (w tym nieudanych) | Liczba stopni | Wysokość (m) | Maks. średnica (m) | Masa startowa (t) | Ciąg startowy (kN) | Udźwig (LEO, t) | Udźwig (GTO, t) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chang Zheng 1 | 1970-1971 | 3 (1) | 3 | 29,86 | 2,25 | 81,6 | 1020 | 0,30 | - |
| Chang Zheng 1D | 1995-2002 | 3 (1) | 3 | 28,22 | 2,25 | 81,1 | 1101 | 0,93 | - |
| Chang Zheng 2A | 1974-1978 | 3 | 2 | 31,17 | 3,35 | 190 | 2786 | 1,80 | - |
| Chang Zheng 2C | od 1975 | 45 (1) | 2 | 35,15 | 3,35 | 192 | 2786 | 2,40 | - |
| Chang Zheng 2D | od 1992 | 33 (0) | 2 | 33,667 (bez osłony) | 3,35 | 232 | 2962 | 3,10 | - |
| Chang Zheng 2E | 1990-1995 | 7 (2) | 2 + 11 | 49,686 | 7,85 | 462 | 5923 | 9,50 | 3,50 |
| Chang Zheng 2F | od 1999 | 13 (0) | 2 + 11 | 58,34 | 7,85 | 480 | 5923 | 8,40 | 3,37 |
| Chang Zheng 3 | 1984-2000 | 14 (1) | 3 | 43,8 | 3,35 | 202 | 2962 | 5,00 | 1,50 |
| Chang Zheng 3A | od 1994 | 25 (0) | 3 | 52,52 | 3,35 | 241 | 2962 | 8,50 | 2,600 |
| Chang Zheng 3B | od 1996 | 40 (1) | 3 + 11 | 54,838 | 4,00 | 426 | 5924 | 12,00 | 5,10 |
| Chang Zheng 3C | od 2008 | 15 (0) | 3 + 12 | 55,638 | 7,85 | 345 | 4443 | ? | 3,80 |
| Chang Zheng 4A | 1988-1990 | 2 (0) | 3 | 41,9 | 3,35 | 249 | 2962 | 4,000 | (SSO) 1,50 |
| Chang Zheng 4B | od 1999 | 29 (1) | 3 | 44,1 | 3,8 | 254 | 2971 | 4,20 | (SSO) 2,20 |
| Chang Zheng 4C | od 2006 | 20 (1) | 3 | 45,58 | 3,35 | 248 | 2971 | 4,20 | (SSO) 2,80 |
| Chang Zheng 5 (rodzina) | od 2016 | 2 (1) | 3 | 33,0 - 62,0 | 5 | 82 - 869 | 1,50 - 25,00 | 6,00 - 14,00 | |
| Chang Zheng 6 | od 2015 | 1 (0) | 3 | 29,0 | 3,35 | 103 | 1188 | (SSO) 1,08 | |
| Chang Zheng 6A | od 2022 | 1 (0) | 50 | 3,35 | |||||
| Chang Zheng 7 | od 2016 | 2 | 2 | 57,0 | 3,35 | 582 | 13,0 | 7,00 | |
| Chang Zheng 7A | od 2020 | 2 (1) | 3 | 60,13 | 3,35 | 573 | 7,00 | ||
| Chang Zheng 8 | od 2020 | 1 | 2 + 12 | 50,3 | 3,35 | 573 | 4800 | 7,6 | 2,5 |
| Chang Zheng 9 | od ok. 2030 | – | 3 | ponad 100 | 8–10 | 130,0 | |||
| Chang Zheng 11 | od 2015 | 2 (0) | 4 | 20,8 | ok. 2 | 58 | 0,7 | (SSO) 0,35 |
1 - cztery silniki boczne; 2 - dwa silniki boczne
| 2A | 2C | 2D | 2E | 2F | 3 | 3A | 3B | 3C | 4A | 4B | 4C | 5 | 7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Linki zewnętrzne
- Mark Wade: CZ (ang.). W: Encyclopedia Astronautica [on-line]. [dostęp 2016-12-11].
Media użyte na tej stronie
CZ-2A.svg
Colour drawing of China's Long March 2A carrier rocket. (This picture is used in en:Long_March_(rocket_family)#Variants. Don't resize it.)
Colour drawing of China's Long March 2A carrier rocket. (This picture is used in en:Long_March_(rocket_family)#Variants. Don't resize it.)
The Launch of Long March 3B Rocket.jpg
The launch of Long March 3B Rocket, Xichang Satellite Center, China.
The launch of Long March 3B Rocket, Xichang Satellite Center, China.
Cz5.jpg
The CZ-5 family: ( From left to right) 2.25m diameter launch vehicle; 3.35m diameter launch vehicle (without and with strap-on stages); (This last sentence appears to be in error. The second and third vehicles from the left do not have the proper scaling with respects to the first vehicle to be 3.35m in diameter. Vehicles two and three should look ~50% larger in diameter from that of vehicle one and that is not the case as seen in the above diagram.)5.0m diameter launch vehicle (without and with strap-on stages).
The CZ-5 family: ( From left to right) 2.25m diameter launch vehicle; 3.35m diameter launch vehicle (without and with strap-on stages); (This last sentence appears to be in error. The second and third vehicles from the left do not have the proper scaling with respects to the first vehicle to be 3.35m in diameter. Vehicles two and three should look ~50% larger in diameter from that of vehicle one and that is not the case as seen in the above diagram.)5.0m diameter launch vehicle (without and with strap-on stages).