Kręgi lędźwiowe

Kręgi lędźwiowe (łac. vertebrae lumbales, skrót: L) – kręgi w lędźwiowym odcinku kręgosłupa. U człowieka jest ich 5 (L1 - L5), u koni, bydła, jelenia szlachetnego (Cervus elaphus) i kozy[1] 6, u owcy i świni 6–7, natomiast u psa i kota 7[2]. Trzony kręgów lędźwiowych są stosunkowo długie, o spłaszczonych głowach i dołach. Wyrostki poprzeczne przypominają tu cienkie blaszki określane jako wyrostki żebrowe. Na wyrostkach stawowych doczaszkowych obecne są wyrostki suteczkowate[1]. U ptaków kręgi lędźwiowe są zrośnięte i wchodzą w część synsakrum[3].

Przypisy

  1. a b Helena Przespolewska, Henryk Kobryń, Tomasz Szara & Bartłomiej J. Bartyzel: Podstawy anatomii zwierząt domowych. Warszawa: PWN, 2014, s. 12–14. ISBN 978-83-62815-22-7.
  2. Simon Hillson: Mammal Bones and Teeth: An Introductory Guide to Methods of Identification. Routledge, 2016, s. 25. ISBN 978-1-315-42500-9.
  3. III Szkielet. W: Bronisław Ferens i Roman J. Wojtusiak: Ornitologia ogólna. Ptak, jego budowa i życie. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1960, s. 73–74.

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The cat - an introduction to the study of backboned animals, especially mammals (1881) (20398618288).jpg
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Title: The cat : an introduction to the study of backboned animals, especially mammals
Identifier: catintroduction00miva (find matches)
Year: 1881 (1880s)
Authors: Mivart, St. George Jackson, 1827-1900
Subjects: Cats; Anatomy, Comparative
Publisher: New York : Scribner's
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
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40 THE CAT. chap. m. posterior dorsal vertebrae, the first lumbar being quite like the ast dorsal, except that it has no capitular surface, but, in its place, a short forwardly extending transverse process, and that the niet- apophyses are somewhat larger. As we proceed backwards through the series of lumbar vertebrae,
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Fig. 18.—Fifth Lumbar Vertebra. a. Anapophysis. c. Centrum. to. Metapophysis. n. Neural lamina. s. Neural spine. t. Transverse process. z. Prezygapophysis. 3. Postzygapophysis. the anapophysis decreases, so that in the sixth lumbar there is but a minute rudiment of such a process. The metapophysis is at its maximum in the fourth lumbar vertebra, but is large even in the last. The neural spine is longest at the fourth. The transverse process increases rapidly from the first lumbar vertebra to the fourth, and is slightly longer in the fifth and sixth lumbar vertebrae. The zygapophyses continue to be directed as in the fifth lumbar vertebra, except that the postzygapophyses of the seventh look once again more downwards. The centrum of the seventh lumbar vertebra is not longer than is that of the first, and the same is the case with the neural arch. § 8. Having noted the characters of the vertebrae next behind the dorsal ones, we may advance to those in front of them. Of the seven cervical vertebrjb the first two are sufficiently exceptional to demand separate notice. The other cervicals are very much alike, but the fifth may be selected for comparison with the fifth dorsal vertebra. Its centrum is relatively wider from side to side and narrower

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Lumbar vertebrae (shown in red).
The horse, its treatment in health and disease with a complete guide to breeding, training and management (1906) (14585562440).jpg
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Lumbar vertebra of horse

Identifier: horseitstreatm05axej (find matches)
Title: The horse, its treatment in health and disease with a complete guide to breeding, training and management
Year: 1906 (1900s)
Authors: Axe, J. Wortley
Subjects: Horses
Publisher: London, Gresham Pub. Co.
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Fig. 284.- -Dorsal Vertebra (Front\iew) Superior Spinous Process.- Transverse Process. Articula-tion for Tubercle of Rib. •■ Articu-lation for Head of Rib. 5 ..\ntoriorArticular Face of Body. •* SpinalCanal. 181 HKALTH AM) DISEASE cesses, which are directed horizontally outwards. The last two are muchthicker and somewhat shorter than the rest, and are united to each other
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Fig. 285.—Lumbar Vertcl.r.. 1 Superior Spinous Proce.ss. - Anterior Oblique Process. Transverse Process. •* AnteriorArticular Face of Body. ° Spinal Canal. l)v the borders of their transverse processes, and to the transverse processof the sacrum by synovial articulations. The Sacrum (fig. 28G) or rump bone, as we have already pointed

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A lumbar vertebra from above and behind.
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pelvis and synsacrum of an ostrich, ventral view

1 Os pubis, 2 Os ischii, 3 Os ilium, 4 symphysis pubica, 5 Synsacrum, 6 Fossae renales, 7 Os femoris, 8 Pygostyl