National Natural Landmark
Znak informacyjny National Natural Landmark w Trona Pinnacles, Kalifornia
Shiprock National Natural Landmark, Nowy Meksyk
National Natural Landmark – oficjalny rejestr–program wybitnych przykładów historii naturalnej Stanów Zjednoczonych zasługujących na ochronę[1].
Jest jedynym programem przyrodniczym o zasięgu krajowym, który identyfikuje, rozpoznaje i kataloguje najważniejsze obiekty biologiczne i geologiczne własności publicznej i prywatnej. Program ma na celu promowanie i wspieranie dobrowolnej ochrony terenów reprezentujących geologiczną i ekologiczną historię Stanów Zjednoczonych. Wyraża także nadzieję na wzmocnienia poszanowania przez społeczeństwo dziedzictwa przyrodniczego kraju.
17 października 2012 w Rejestrze znajdowały się 594 obszary podlegające ochronie[2].
Program został ustanowiony 18 maja 1962 przez Sekretarza zasobów wewnętrznych Stewarta Udalla.
Organy legislacyjne zatwierdzone są ustawą Historic Sites Act of August 21, 1935 (49 Stat. 666, 16 U.S.C. 641). Program regulowany jest przepisami federalnymi Departamentu Zasobów Wewnętrznych Stanów Zjednoczonych 36 CFR Part 62[3].
Rejestr obejmuje obszary podlegające ochronie w 48 stanach i terytoriach zależnych USA.
Lista pomników przyrody
Lista stanów albo terytoriów w kolejności alfabetycznej (październik 2012 – 594 pozycji)[4].
| stan lub terytorium | Ilość obszarów | Ilość- unikalnych[a] | Zdjęcie | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alabama | 7 | 7 |  |
| 2 | Alaska | 16 | 16 |  |
| 3 | Arizona | 10 | 10 |  |
| 4 | Arkansas | 5 | 5 | .JPG) |
| 5 | Connecticut | 8 | 7[5] | _-_prints.JPG) |
| 6 | Dakota Południowa | 13 | 12[6] |  |
| 7 | Dakota Północna | 4 | 4 | |
| 8 | Delaware | 0 | ||
| 9 | Floryda | 18 | 18 |  |
| 10 | Georgia | 10 | 10 |  |
| 11 | Guam | 4 | 4 |  |
| 12 | Hawaje | 7 | 7 |  |
| 13 | Idaho | 11 | 11 |  |
| 14 | Illinois | 18 | 18 |  |
| 15 | Indiana | 30 | 29[7] | |
| 16 | Iowa | 7 | 7 | |
| 17 | Kalifornia | 36 | 36 |  |
| 18 | Kansas | 5 | 5 |  |
| 19 | Karolina Południowa | 6 | 6 |  |
| 20 | Karolina Północna | 13 | 13 |  |
| 21 | Kentucky | 7 | 6[7] |  |
| 22 | Kolorado | 14 | 13[8] |  |
| 23 | Luizjana | 0 | ||
| 24 | Maine | 14 | 14 |  |
| 25 | Maryland | 6 | 5[9] |  |
| 26 | Massachusetts | 11 | 10[5] |  |
| 27 | Michigan | 12 | 12[10] |  |
| 28 | Minnesota | 8 | 7[6] |  |
| 29 | Missisipi | 5 | 5 |  |
| 30 | Missouri | 16 | 16 |  |
| 31 | Montana | 10 | 10 |  |
| 32 | Nebraska | 5 | 5 |  (c) I, Pfly, CC-BY-SA-3.0 |
| 33 | Nevada | 6 | 6 |  |
| 34 | New Hampshire | 11 | 11 |  |
| 35 | New Jersey | 11 | 10[11] | .jpg) |
| 36 | Nowy Jork | 26 | 25[11] | _-_Fayetteville_NY.jpg) |
| 37 | Nowy Meksyk | 12 | 12 | |
| 38 | Ohio | 23 | 23 |  |
| 39 | Oklahoma | 3 | 3 |  |
| 40 | Oregon | 9 | 9 |  |
| 41 | Pensylwania | 27 | 27 |  |
| 42 | Portoryko | 5 | 5 |  |
| 43 | Rhode Island | 1 | 1 |  |
| 44 | Samoa Amerykańskie | 7 | 7 | |
| 45 | Tennessee | 13 | 13 |  |
| 46 | Teksas | 20 | 20 | |
| 47 | Utah | 4 | 4 |  |
| 48 | Vermont | 12 | 12 |  |
| 49 | Waszyngton | 18 | 18 |  |
| 50 | Wirginia | 10 | 10 | |
| 51 | Wirginia Zachodnia | 15 | 14[9] | |
| 52 | Wisconsin | 18 | 18 |  |
| 53 | Wyoming | 6 | 5[8] |  (c) Anky-man, CC-BY-SA-3.0 |
| 54 | Wyspy Dziewicze | 7 | 7 |  |
Zobacz też
Uwagi
- ↑ Część obszarów znajduje się na granicy dwóch stanów, stąd różnice w ilości.
Przypisy
- ↑ National Park Service (ang.). [dostęp 2021-02-18].
- ↑ National Natural Landmark Sites (ang.). [dostęp 2015-11-06]. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2015-08-21)].
- ↑ 36 CFR Part 62 National Natural Landmarks Program; Final Rule (ang.). [dostęp 2015-11-06].
- ↑ United States Department of the Interior: Interior Designates 27 New National Landmarks (ang.). 2012-10-17. [dostęp 2015-11-06].
- ↑ a b Bartholomew's Cobble – Connecticut i Massachusetts
- ↑ a b Ancient River Warren Channel – Minnesota i Dakota Południowa
- ↑ a b Ohio Coral Reef – Indiana i Kentucky
- ↑ a b Sand Creek – Kolorado i Wyoming
- ↑ a b Cranesville Swamp Nature Sanctuary – Maryland i Wirginia Zachodnia
- ↑ Roscommon Red Pines, Department of Natural Resources (ang.). [dostęp 2015-11-06].
- ↑ a b Palisades of the Hudson – New Jersey i Nowy Jork
Media użyte na tej stronie
Kluft-photo-Carrizo-Plain-Nov-2007-Img 0327.jpg
Autor: Ikluft, Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0
San Andreas Fault in the Carrizo Plain, aerial view from 8500 feet altitude
Autor: Ikluft, Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0
San Andreas Fault in the Carrizo Plain, aerial view from 8500 feet altitude
Illinois Beach State Park Lakefront.jpg
Beach area in the northern unit of Illinois Beach State Park. Photo taken in 2006 by Dave Piasecki.
Beach area in the northern unit of Illinois Beach State Park. Photo taken in 2006 by Dave Piasecki.
01-2007-TronaPinnacles-withsignage.jpg
Autor: Bobak Ha'Eri, Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.5
Trona Pinnacles — with NPS sign in the Mojave Desert of California.
Autor: Bobak Ha'Eri, Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.5
Trona Pinnacles — with NPS sign in the Mojave Desert of California.
Shiprock.snodgrass3.jpg
Autor: Bowie Snodgrass, Licencja: CC BY 2.0
A photograph of Shiprock, Navajo Nation, New Mexico, USA.
Autor: Bowie Snodgrass, Licencja: CC BY 2.0
A photograph of Shiprock, Navajo Nation, New Mexico, USA.
2007 11Nov 10 Mount Monadnock Summit Rocky Plateau.jpg
(c) Kurankou at the English Wikipedia, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Rocky plateau on summit of Mount Monadnock
(c) Kurankou at the English Wikipedia, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Rocky plateau on summit of Mount Monadnock
2006-07-16 Summit Lake Park Colorado.jpg
Autor: Matt Wright, Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.5
Summit Lake Park in Colorado, USA
Autor: Matt Wright, Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.5
Summit Lake Park in Colorado, USA
Iowa loesshills.jpg
(c) Billwhittaker z angielskiej Wikipedii, CC BY-SA 3.0
Loess hills bluffs, Council Bluffs, Iowa, north of I-80
(c) Billwhittaker z angielskiej Wikipedii, CC BY-SA 3.0
Loess hills bluffs, Council Bluffs, Iowa, north of I-80
Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, PA - North Lookout.jpg
Autor: Zeete, Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0
View, looking northeast, of Hawk Mountain and Blue Mountain from the North Lookout at Hawk Mountain Sanctuary in Pennsylvania. Visitors birdwatching during migration season.
Autor: Zeete, Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0
View, looking northeast, of Hawk Mountain and Blue Mountain from the North Lookout at Hawk Mountain Sanctuary in Pennsylvania. Visitors birdwatching during migration season.
BurkesGarden.jpg
(c) Ser Amantio di Nicolao z angielskiej Wikipedii, CC BY 3.0
Image taken by me for Wikipedia
(c) Ser Amantio di Nicolao z angielskiej Wikipedii, CC BY 3.0
Image taken by me for Wikipedia
Petrified Forest.jpg
Autor: NatalieMaynor, Licencja: CC BY 2.0
A cliff in the Petrified Forest near Flora, Mississippi.
Autor: NatalieMaynor, Licencja: CC BY 2.0
A cliff in the Petrified Forest near Flora, Mississippi.
Aniakchak-caldera alaska.jpg
Aerial view, looking east, of Aniakchak caldera, one of the most spectacular volcanoes on the Alaska Peninsula. Formed during a catastrophic ash-flow producing eruption about 3,400 years ago, Aniakchak caldera is about 10 km (6 mi) across and averages 500 m (1,640 ft) in depth. Voluminous postcaldera eruptive activity has produced a wide variety of volcanic landforms and deposits within the caldera. The volcano is located in Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve, Alaska, which is administered by the National Park Service.
Aerial view, looking east, of Aniakchak caldera, one of the most spectacular volcanoes on the Alaska Peninsula. Formed during a catastrophic ash-flow producing eruption about 3,400 years ago, Aniakchak caldera is about 10 km (6 mi) across and averages 500 m (1,640 ft) in depth. Voluminous postcaldera eruptive activity has produced a wide variety of volcanic landforms and deposits within the caldera. The volcano is located in Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve, Alaska, which is administered by the National Park Service.
Fort Hill State Memorial.JPG
Autor: Aesopposea, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Fort Hill State Memorial located in Highland County, Ohio.
Autor: Aesopposea, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Fort Hill State Memorial located in Highland County, Ohio.
Dinosaur State Park (Rocky Hill, CT) - prints.JPG
Autor: Daderot, Licencja: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Dinosaur State Park and Arboretum, Rocky Hill, Connecticut, USA. General view of dinosaur prints.
Autor: Daderot, Licencja: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Dinosaur State Park and Arboretum, Rocky Hill, Connecticut, USA. General view of dinosaur prints.
Pilot Mtn Knob 2.JPG
Autor: Berean Hunter, Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.5
Autor: Berean Hunter, Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.5
Pilot Mountain Knob — in North Carolina.
- Photo taken 10-30-2008 from Little Pinnacle.
Como Bluff.jpg
(c) Anky-man, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Como Bluff, Wyoming, site of numerous important dinosaur discoveries in the late 1800s.
(c) Anky-man, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Como Bluff, Wyoming, site of numerous important dinosaur discoveries in the late 1800s.
Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge Oklahoma.jpg
Autor: Leaflet, Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0
A wet day at Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Alfalfa County, Oklahoma.
Autor: Leaflet, Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0
A wet day at Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Alfalfa County, Oklahoma.
Great Falls (Passaic River).jpg
Autor: Oryginalnym przesyłającym był Decumanus z angielskiej Wikipedii, Licencja: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Great Falls of the Passaic River in Paterson © 2004 Matthew Trump
Autor: Oryginalnym przesyłającym był Decumanus z angielskiej Wikipedii, Licencja: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Great Falls of the Passaic River in Paterson © 2004 Matthew Trump
Round Lake (2) - Fayetteville NY.jpg
Autor: Easchiff, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Round Lake, Green Lakes State Park, Fayetteville, New York. Looking NE down the spillway.
Autor: Easchiff, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Round Lake, Green Lakes State Park, Fayetteville, New York. Looking NE down the spillway.
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Fritillaria pudica, Yellow Bells at City of Rocks National Reserve in Idaho.
Fritillaria pudica, Yellow Bells at City of Rocks National Reserve in Idaho.
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Autor: Cody Hough, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
The beaches at Grand Mere State Park. On the left you see the beaches and dunes and to the left you can see Lake Michigan.
Autor: Cody Hough, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
The beaches at Grand Mere State Park. On the left you see the beaches and dunes and to the left you can see Lake Michigan.
Daniel Boone National Forest Tater Knob.jpg
Autor: Oryginalnym przesyłającym był Mzzl z angielskiej Wikipedii, Licencja: Copyrighted free use
View from Tater Knob in the Daniel Boone National Forest in Kentucky, USA.
Autor: Oryginalnym przesyłającym był Mzzl z angielskiej Wikipedii, Licencja: Copyrighted free use
View from Tater Knob in the Daniel Boone National Forest in Kentucky, USA.
Palodurolighthouse.jpg
(c) Meniscus z angielskojęzycznej Wikipedii, CC-BY-SA-3.0
The "lighthouse" formation in Palo Duro Canyon.
(c) Meniscus z angielskojęzycznej Wikipedii, CC-BY-SA-3.0
The "lighthouse" formation in Palo Duro Canyon.
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View of the Columbus crew landing site taken from the National Park Service visitor center at Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve. 17°46′47″N 64°45′42″W / 17.77972°N 64.76167°W
View of the Columbus crew landing site taken from the National Park Service visitor center at Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve. 17°46′47″N 64°45′42″W / 17.77972°N 64.76167°W
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Mount Katahdin is the peak having the greatest spire measure in Eastern United States.
Mount Katahdin is the peak having the greatest spire measure in Eastern United States.
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Autor: Valerius Tygart, Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0
Battle Creek Cypress Swamp, Maryland, USA, in spring
Autor: Valerius Tygart, Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0
Battle Creek Cypress Swamp, Maryland, USA, in spring
Barringer Crater aerial photo by USGS.jpg
The origin of this classic, simple meteorite impact crater was long the subject of controversy. The discovery of fragments of the Canyon Diablo meteorite, including fragments within the breccia deposits that partially fill the structure, and the presence of a range of shock-metamorphic features in the target sandstone, confirmed its impact origin. Target rocks include Paleozoic carbonates and sandstones; these rocks have been overturned just outside the rim during ejection. The hummocky deposits just beyond the rim are remnants of the ejecta blanket. This aerial view shows the dramatic expression of the crater in the arid landscape.
The origin of this classic, simple meteorite impact crater was long the subject of controversy. The discovery of fragments of the Canyon Diablo meteorite, including fragments within the breccia deposits that partially fill the structure, and the presence of a range of shock-metamorphic features in the target sandstone, confirmed its impact origin. Target rocks include Paleozoic carbonates and sandstones; these rocks have been overturned just outside the rim during ejection. The hummocky deposits just beyond the rim are remnants of the ejecta blanket. This aerial view shows the dramatic expression of the crater in the arid landscape.
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Mammoth spring
Mammoth spring
The Needles in Custer State Park, South Dakota.jpg
Autor: Mailseth's wife, Licencja: CC-BY-SA-3.0
The Needles in Custer State Park, South Dakota
Autor: Mailseth's wife, Licencja: CC-BY-SA-3.0
The Needles in Custer State Park, South Dakota
Cabo Rojo limestone cliffs.jpg
Autor: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Smylere_Snape, Licencja: Copyrighted free use
limestone cliffs in Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico
Autor: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Smylere_Snape, Licencja: Copyrighted free use
limestone cliffs in Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico
Black-mountain-slopes-east-tn1.jpg
Autor: Brian Stansberry, Licencja: CC BY 3.0
Looking east from an overlook near the summit of Black Mountain in Cumberland County, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. Part of Grassy Cove is visible below on the right. The edge of the Cumberland Plateau is visible along the horizon (the border between the dark brown and blue area). The smoke plume faintly visible at the top is from Watts Bar Nuclear Power Plant. This overlook is located just off the Cumberland Trail.
Autor: Brian Stansberry, Licencja: CC BY 3.0
Looking east from an overlook near the summit of Black Mountain in Cumberland County, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. Part of Grassy Cove is visible below on the right. The edge of the Cumberland Plateau is visible along the horizon (the border between the dark brown and blue area). The smoke plume faintly visible at the top is from Watts Bar Nuclear Power Plant. This overlook is located just off the Cumberland Trail.
Mount mansfield 20040926.jpg
Autor: Oryginalnym przesyłającym był Redjar z angielskiej Wikipedii, Licencja: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Autor: Oryginalnym przesyłającym był Redjar z angielskiej Wikipedii, Licencja: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Description: Photograph of en:Mount Mansfield
Source: Photograph taken by Jared C. Benedict on 26 September 2004. Full resolution original available at: redjar.org/gallery/wikipedia_photos.
Copyright: © Jared C. Benedict.
en:Category:Stowe, Vermont
Fagatogo Dock.jpg
(c) Eric Guinther z angielskojęzycznej Wikipedii, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Portion of the dock area at Fagatogo, Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa with Rainmaker Mt. (Pioa Mtn.) in the background.
(c) Eric Guinther z angielskojęzycznej Wikipedii, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Portion of the dock area at Fagatogo, Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa with Rainmaker Mt. (Pioa Mtn.) in the background.
Vistahouse.jpg
The Crown Point Vista House in the Columbia River Gorge. Beacon Rock is visible in the background, above and to the left of the Vista House; Hamilton Mountain is to the left of Beacon Rock.
The Crown Point Vista House in the Columbia River Gorge. Beacon Rock is visible in the background, above and to the left of the Vista House; Hamilton Mountain is to the left of Beacon Rock.
Orillas fósiles del lago Missoula.jpg
Description: Shorelines from Glacial Lake Missoula on the hills above Missoula, Montana.
Source: National Park Service photograph from [1]
Caption: Wave-cut strandlines cut into the slope at left in photo. These cuts record former high-water lines, or shorelines of Glacial Lake Missoula near Missoula, Montana. Gullies above the highway are the result of modern-day erosion.
Marvel Cave.JPG
Autor: Rklawton, Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.5
Marvel Cave, Silver Dollar City, Branson, Missouri.
Autor: Rklawton, Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.5
Marvel Cave, Silver Dollar City, Branson, Missouri.
OkefenokeeCanalDiggersTrail.wmg.jpg
Autor: © Wyatt Greene, Licencja: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Canal Diggers Trail in Okefenokee Swamp
Autor: © Wyatt Greene, Licencja: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Canal Diggers Trail in Okefenokee Swamp
GermanyValley.wmg.jpg
(c) Pytheas z angielskojęzycznej Wikipedii, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Germany Valley in Pendleton County, West Virginia. Picture taken on US 33 on North Fork Mountain in July 2006. Picture taken and uploaded by Wyatt Greene.
(c) Pytheas z angielskojęzycznej Wikipedii, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Germany Valley in Pendleton County, West Virginia. Picture taken on US 33 on North Fork Mountain in July 2006. Picture taken and uploaded by Wyatt Greene.
WyalusingStateParkWisconsinRiverIntoMississippiRiver.jpg
Autor: Cindy, Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.0
The w:Wisconsin River delta into the w:Mississippi River taken at w:Wyalusing State Park in Wisconsin. The Wisconsin flows from the near right to the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River flows from the right to the left. Iowa is visible in the distance on the other side of the Mississippi River. w:Prairie du Chien is just out of view to the right.
Wyalusing View 2
Autor: Cindy, Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.0
The w:Wisconsin River delta into the w:Mississippi River taken at w:Wyalusing State Park in Wisconsin. The Wisconsin flows from the near right to the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River flows from the right to the left. Iowa is visible in the distance on the other side of the Mississippi River. w:Prairie du Chien is just out of view to the right.
Wyalusing View 2
Rockcityks.JPG
Autor: Nationalparks, Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.5
Rock City, Kansas, spheres of Dakota Sandstone
Autor: Nationalparks, Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.5
Rock City, Kansas, spheres of Dakota Sandstone
Two Lovers Point from Tumon Bay.JPG
Two Lovers Point from Tumon Bay
Two Lovers Point from Tumon Bay
Diamond-Head-Hawaii-Nov-2001.jpg
Autor: ProveIt, Licencja: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Diamond Head. Diamond Head is Oahu's largest tuff cone formed over 100,000 years ago by an active bubbling volcano. Nineteenth century British sailors nicknamed the crater Diamond Head when they mistook the calcite crystals for diamonds. A well-graded trail leads you up the 760-feet summit to a World War II bunker with a bird's eye view of Honolulu.
Autor: ProveIt, Licencja: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Diamond Head. Diamond Head is Oahu's largest tuff cone formed over 100,000 years ago by an active bubbling volcano. Nineteenth century British sailors nicknamed the crater Diamond Head when they mistook the calcite crystals for diamonds. A well-graded trail leads you up the 760-feet summit to a World War II bunker with a bird's eye view of Honolulu.
Manatee Springs State Park Florida springs05.jpg
Autor: Ebyabe, Licencja: CC BY 2.5
Manatee Springs. A huge karst spring in Manatee Springs State Park, near Chiefland, Florida, USA
Autor: Ebyabe, Licencja: CC BY 2.5
Manatee Springs. A huge karst spring in Manatee Springs State Park, near Chiefland, Florida, USA