Urania’s Mirror
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Urania’s Mirror, znany również jako Lustro Uranii lub Widok Niebios – zestaw pudełkowy zawierający serię 32 kart przedstawiających mapę nieba i poszczególne gwiazdozbiory. Opublikowany po raz pierwszy w listopadzie 1824 roku[1][2]. Ilustracje umieszczone na kartach oparto na atlasie nieba autorstwa Alexandra Jamiesona[1], same karty zostały wygrawerowane przez Sidneya Halla. Przez 170 lat nie było jednak wiadomo przez kogo zostały zaprojektowane; pierwotnie uważano, że autorką ich projektu jest pewna „dama”, w późniejszym czasie brytyjski badacz Peter Hingley zasugerował, że projektantem kart mógł być Richard Rouse Bloxam[3]. Przednia strona pudełka przedstawia Uranię, muzę astronomii. Peter Hingley uważał te karty za jedne z najbardziej atrakcyjnych kart spośród wielu wyprodukowanych na początku XIX wieku[3].
Opis
Lustro Uranii przedstawia 79 gwiazdozbiorów na 32 kartach. Niektóre z przedstawionych gwiazdozbiorów są już uważane za historyczne, podobnie jak niektóre z podgwiazdozbiorów, takie jak Caput Medusæ (głowa Meduzy, noszona przez Perseusza)[1]. Początkowo Lustro Uranii było reklamowane jako zawierające „wszystkie konstelacje widoczne w Imperium Brytyjskim”[2][3], ale w rzeczywistości pomijało niektóre południowe konstelacje. Hingley nazwał Lustro Uranii „jednym z najbardziej czarujących i atrakcyjnych wizualnie materiałów pomocniczych do samokształcenia astronomicznego, które powstały na początku XIX wieku”[3].
Galeria
Karta 1: Smok i Mała Niedźwiedzica
Karta 2: Żyrafa, Rangifer i Custos Messium
Karta 3: Kasjopea
Karta 4: Cefeusz
Karta 5: Honores Frederici, Andromeda i Triangulum Minus
Karta 6: Perseusz i Głowa Meduzy
Karta 7: Woźnica
Karta 8: Ryś i Telescopium Herschelii
Karta 9: Wielka Niedźwiedzica
Karta 10: Wolarz, Psy Gończe, Warkocz Bereniki i Kwadrat Ścienny
Karta 11: Herkules i Korona Północna
Karta 12: Ciołek Poniatowskiego, Wężownik, Tarcza Sobieskiego i Wąż
Karta 14: Jaszczurka, Łabędź, Lutnia oraz Lisek i Alfa Vulpeculae
Karta 16: Baran i Musca Borealis
Karta 17: Byk
Karta 18: Bliźnięta
Karta 19: Rak
Karta 20: Lew i Leo Minorydy
Karta 21: Panna
Karta 22: Waga
Karta 23: Skorpion
Karta 24: Strzelec, Korona Południowa, Mikroskop i Luneta
Karta 25: Koziorożec
Karta 26: Wodnik, Ryba Południowa i Globus Aerostaticus
Karta 27: Ryby
Karta 28: Psalterium Georgianum, Erydan, Wieloryb, Rzeźbiarz, Piec i Machina Electrica
Karta 29: Orion
Karta 30: Wielki Pies, Zając, Gołąb i Rylec
Karta 31: Jednorożec, Mały Pies i Officina Typographica
Przypisy
- ↑ a b c Urania’s Mirror c.1825, www.ianridpath.com [dostęp 2021-02-03].
- ↑ a b Monthly Critical Gazette, 1824, s. 578 [dostęp 2021-02-03] (ang.).
- ↑ a b c d P.D. Hingley, Urania's Mirror - a 170-year old mystery solved?, „Journal of the British Astronomical Association”, 104, 1 października 1994, s. 238–240, ISSN 0007-0297 [dostęp 2021-02-03].
Media użyte na tej stronie
"Ursa Major", plate 9 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Psalterium Georgii, Fluvius Eridanus, Cetus, Officina Sculptoris, Fornax Chemica, and Machina Electrica", plate 28 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart showing Perseus holding bloody sword and the severed head of Medusa forming the constellation. 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
Note: This card was printed slightly off-centre to include more stars in Eridanus, hence the slightly unbalanced crop.
"Taurus", plate 17 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Sagittarius and Corona Australis. Microscopium, and Telescopium.", plate 24 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Cepheus", plate 4 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
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"Pegasus and Equuleus", plate 15 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Draco and Ursa Minor", plate 1 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
Taurus Poniatowski, Serpentarius, Scutum Sobiesky, and Serpens, plate 12 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart. 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Leo Major and Leo Minor", plate 20 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Libra", plate 22 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Aries and Musca Borealis", plate 16 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
Urania’s Mirror, (London 1825), a boxed set of 32 cards; with Jehoshaphat Aspin, A Familiar Treatise on Astronomy (London 1825), 2d ed.
"Hercules and Corona Borealis", plate 11 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Camelopardalis, Tarandus and Custos Messium", plate 2 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Delphinus, Sagitta, Aquila, and Antinous", plate 13 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Cancer", plate 19 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
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"Orion", plate 29 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Scorpio", plate 23 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Pisces", plate 27 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Aquarius, Piscis Australis & en:Ballon Aerostatique", plate 26 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
Monoceros, Canis Minor, and Atelier Typographique , plate 31 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart showing the constellations of Monoceros, Canis Minor and the obsolete constellation Atelier Typographique (Officina Typographica). 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Capricornus", plate 25 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
Perseus and Caput Medusæ, plate 6 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart showing Perseus holding bloody sword and the severed head of Medusa forming the constellation. 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Noctua, Corvus, Crater, Sextans Uraniæ, Hydra, Felis, Lupus, Centaurus, Antlia Pneumatica, Argo Navis, and Pyxis Nautica", plate 32 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Gemini", plate 18 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Virgo", plate 21 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Lynx and Telescopium Herschilii", plate 8 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
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"Cassiopeia", plate 3 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart showing Perseus holding bloody sword and the severed head of Medusa forming the constellation. 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
Auriga, plate 7 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Bootes, Canes Venatici, Coma Berenices, and Quadrans Muralis", plate 10 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Canis Major, Lepus, Columba Noachi & Cela Sculptoris", plate 30 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Lacerta, Cygnus, Lyra, Vulpecula and Anser", plate 14 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart, 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.
"Vulpecula and Anser" is basically the full name of the constellation "Vulpecula", now standardised to its shortened form.
Gloria Frederici, Andromeda, and Triangula, plate 5 in Urania's Mirror, a set of celestial cards accompanied by A familiar treatise on astronomy ... by Jehoshaphat Aspin. London. Astronomical chart showing the constellations of Andromeda, Triangula - a variant of Triangulum using stars too small to feature in this star chart to make a second triangle - and the obsolete constellation Gloria Frederici. 1 print on layered paper board : etching, hand-colored.